The Mars Science Laboratory is named that because of instrumentation on the rover, some of which ingest martian samples and analyze them on-site. These instruments include analysis techniques that may be familiar: X-ray Diffraction, Laser Spectrometry, Mass Spectrometry, Gas Chromatography, X-ray Spectrometry, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, and Neutron Spectroscopy. Ways in which these analysis methods are used to support geological theories will be presented.