In Fall of 2001, after extensive upgrades, the Fermilab proton-antiproton collider, the Tevatron, began operating once again. The Tevatron is currently the highest energy particle collider in the world, and is the largest "factory" for producing the three heaviest quarks currently known: charm, beauty and top. For more than fifteen years, a large discrepancy had existed between the theoretical predictions of the numbers of charm and beauty quarks produced and the data observed at hadron colliders. A new analysis of data on beauty quark production from the first year of Tevatron operation, and recent advances in theoretical calculations have greatly reduced the discrepancy between data and theory. Measuring and understanding the production mechanisms of heavy quarks are powerful tests of the theory of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), a fundamental component of the Standard Model of particle physics.