Granular materials are particle systems in
which the size of particles is large and the effect of thermal
agitation is negligible. Recently
there has been much interest in the physics of noncohesive granular
materials lying on a vertically vibrating surface. When the vibration
intensity is large, the granular systems show the properties of
fluids, such as convection, heaping, traveling surface waves,
pattern formation, and size segregation. When the vibration intensity
becomes small, the systems show the property of solids, including
glassy behavior. I will talk about these various properties of
the granular materials under vibration.
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